About India

Map Of India

History of India begins with evidence of human activity of Homo sapiens as long as 75,000 years ago, or with earlier hominids as well as Homo erectus from concerning 500,000 years ago.

1] The Indus Valley Civilization, which unfold and flourished within the northwestern a part of the Indian subcontinent from c. 3300 to 1300 BCE, was the first major civilization in India.

2] a sophisticated and technologically advanced urban culture developed within the Mature Harappan amount, from 2600 to 1900 BCE.

Mahatma Gandhi

3] This Bronze Age civilization collapsed before the end of the second millennium BCE and was followed by the Iron Age Vedic Civilization, which extended over a lot of of the Indo-Gangetic plain and which witnessed the increase of major polities referred to as the Mahajanapadas. In one amongst these kingdoms, Magadha, Mahavira and Gautama Buddha were born within the sixth or fifth century BCE and propagated their śramanic philosophies.

Almost all of the subcontinent was conquered by the Maurya Empire throughout the 4th and third centuries BCE. It subsequently became fragmented, with various components dominated by varied Middle kingdoms for consecutive 1,500 years. this is referred to as the classical amount of Indian history, throughout which India has typically been estimated to own had the biggest economy of the traditional and medieval world, controlling between one third and one fourth of the world's wealth up to the eighteenth century.

Much of northern and central India was another time united within the 4th century CE, and remained thus for 2 centuries thereafter, beneath the Gupta Empire. this period, witnessing a Hindu spiritual and intellectual resurgence, is thought among its admirers as the "Golden Age of India". throughout constant time, and for many centuries afterwards, southern India, beneath the rule of the Chalukyas, Cholas, Pallavas, and Pandyas, experienced its own golden age. throughout this period, aspects of Indian civilization, administration, culture, and faith (Hinduism and Buddhism) unfold to a lot of of Asia.

The southern state of Kerala had maritime business links with the Roman Empire from around 77 CE. Islam was introduced in Kerala through this route by Muslim traders. Muslim rule within the subcontinent began in 712 CE when the Arab general Muhammad bin Qasim conquered Sindh and Multan in southern Punjab in modern-day Pakistan.

4] setting the stage for many successive invasions from Central Asia between the 10th and 15th centuries CE, leading to the formation of Muslim empires within the Indian subcontinent such as the Delhi Sultanate and also the Mughal Empire.

Mughal rule came from Central Asia to cover most of the northern components of the subcontinent. Mughal rulers introduced Central Asian art and architecture to India. additionally to the Mughals and various Rajput kingdoms, many freelance Hindu states, such as the Vijayanagara Empire, the Maratha Empire, eastern Ganga Empire and also the Ahom Kingdom, flourished contemporaneously in southern, western,eastern and northeastern India respectively. The Mughal Empire suffered a gradual decline within the early eighteenth century, which provided opportunities for the Afghans, Balochis, Sikhs, and Marathas to exercise control over giant areas within the northwest of the subcontinent till the British East India Company gained ascendancy over South Asia.

5] Beginning within the mid-18th century and over consecutive century, giant areas of India were gradually annexed by the British East India Company. Dissatisfaction with Company rule led to the Indian Rebellion of 1857, once which the British provinces of India were directly administered by the British Crown and witnessed a amount of both rapid development of infrastructure and economic decline. throughout the first half of the twentieth century, a nationwide struggle for independence was launched by the Indian National Congress and later joined by the Muslim League. The subcontinent gained independence from the united kingdom in 1947, once the British provinces were partitioned into the dominions of India and Pakistan and also the princely states all acceded to at least one of the new states.

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